A cost segregation study is best done when you’ve recently purchased, built, or renovated a property to maximize tax savings from accelerated depreciation. Ideally, you should conduct it right after placing the property in service or before filing that year’s taxes. Significant renovations or improvements also warrant a study to reclassify those costs. Even if you’ve owned the property for a few years, a "catch-up" deduction is available without needing to amend previous returns.